![]() ![]() What distinguishes zirconium ceramics from other materials is their colossal heat resistance and hardness, which is usually at least 80 HRC. This property is used in industrial oxygen analyzers and fuel cells. Heated zirconium dioxide can conduct oxygen ions as a solid electrolyte. When heated, zirconium dioxide conducts a current, which is sometimes used to produce heating elements that are stable in air at very high temperatures. It is used in dentistry for the production of dental crowns. In industry, zirconium dioxide is used in the production of refractory materials based on zirconium, ceramics, enamels, and glasses. The alloying of steels with zirconium (up to 0.8%) increases their mechanical properties and workability. It is used as a deoxidizer and a devastator. Another area of application of zirconium is alloying. Zirconium has a very small cross-section of thermal neutron capture and a high melting point. Metal zirconium and its alloys are used in nuclear power engineering. In industry, zirconium began to be used since the 30s of the XX century, but the high cost limited the volume of its use. The main methods for obtaining metallic zirconium from concentrate are chloride, fluoride, and alkaline processes. The largest production volumes of zircon are concentrated in Australia (40%) and South Africa (30%). The raw material for the production of zirconium is zirconium concentrates with a mass content of zirconium dioxide of at least 60-65%, obtained by enrichment of zirconium ores. The largest deposits of zirconium are located in the United States, Australia, Brazil, and India. The main deposit is located in the Posus de Caldas region (Brazil). In Henderson County (North Carolina, USA), zircon crystals several centimeters long were found in pegmatites, and in Madagascar, crystals weighing several kilograms were found. It is found in all types of rocks, but mainly in granites and syenites. Zircon is the most common zirconium mineral. In nature, they are most widely distributed: zircon (ZrSiO4), baddeleyite (ZrO2), and various complex minerals. Although zirconium is a dispersed element, there are about 40 minerals in which zirconium is present as oxides or salts. In nature, its compounds are known exclusively with oxygen in the form of oxides and silicates. Zirconium compounds are widely distributed in the lithosphere. It has high plasticity and is resistant to corrosion. Zirconium denoted by the symbol Zr) - in a periodic system, with the atomic number 40. Zircon (ZrSiO4) is a material belonging to the class of minerals of silicic acid salts, which was discovered by the German chemist M. Ceramic knives are made from zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), obtained as a result of special processing of the mineral zircon.
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